Cigarette, gives advantages or disadvantages for Indonesia?

Cigarette, gives advantages or disadvantages for Indonesia?

According to Tobacco Atlas 3^rd edition, 2009, Indonesia is the most cigarette users in ASEAN by 46, 16% user and the third in the world after China and India. This is not surprising news because cigarette is a common thing in our society. Not only adult people, teenagers also smoke cigarette. Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) stated that Indonesia is a country with the highest rate of teenage smoker. On the other side, cigarette companies have given many incomes from its tax. They also provide the employment for the unemployed people. In this case, cigarette still being debated around our society, some people argue that cigarette can give advantages for our country. But, some people also argue that cigarette has given many disadvantages for Indonesia. Actually, both of them are true. Why? For several reasons, cigarette gives many advantages. For the other reasons, cigarette also gives bad negative effect for Indonesia. The advantages of cigarette can be seen from tax and employment while the disadvantages of cigarette can be seen from health and life cost.

The first advantage of cigarette is taxable income. Cigarette tax is one of the biggest incomes for Indonesia. 10% of state budget income of Indonesia comes from cigarettes. From 1998 till 2008, Cigarette tax receipts have increased 29 times. It happens because the cigarette of Indonesia is not only used by Indonesian people. Many people of other countries who smoke cigarette also smoke cigarettes from Indonesia. There are some brands of Indonesian cigarette that had known in the other countries like Sampoerna, Gudang Garam and Djarum.  Many people don’t realize that the income for cigarette may give the some good impact. The government can create some scholarship is also helped by the tax from cigarette. The tax of cigarette can be a fundamental factor of economy for Indonesia because it helps the government to do some developments in our country.

The second advantage is employment. According to Ditjen Bea Cukai, there are 1664 companies which are involved in the cigarette industry. Those companies provide many employments for the people who don’t work yet. There are over 6.2 million peoples who work in the cigarette industry. It helps government to overcome the problem about the employment. When the problem about employment can be decreased, the rate of criminal also decreased.  Cigarette companies also require tobacco as the main ingredient of cigarette. It makes tobacco farmers do not have to worry about the marketing of their products because they have a partner to buy their tobacco.

Beside advantages, the cigarette also has disadvantages. The first advantage can be seen is from health side. Many researchers have discovered that there are over 4000 toxic substances in a cigarette like Arsenic (found in rat poison), Ammonia (found in household cleaners), Benzene (found in rubber cement), Butane (found in lighter fluid), Carbon Monoxide (found in car fumes), Tar (found in roads), nicotine and also tar. The toxic substances may cause many diseases like cancer, making arteries thinner and smaller, and constant bronchitis. According to the research that has been conducted by University of Indonesia, there are about 500 peoples dying every day because of smoking. The data in 2010 showed that there 190.260 people die because of smoking. This can a be serious problem that is caused by cigarettes.

The other disadvantage is from life cost. Life cost of smoker must be different with life cost of a non-smoker. Smokers may spend two packs of cigarettes a day. If the price of a pack is Rp.15, 000, they spent 30,000 just for smoking. If we compare it with the non-smoker, they can spend Rp.30, 000 for buying food or the others that may important in their daily life. This is similar to data from a national health survey in 2011 of The Central Agency of Statistics which states that smoking is in the second rank in spending in the household. Smoking is only lower than grains and higher than electricity, telephone, health costs and the cost of education. This probably is not a problem for households that have a great income, but how about the families who have a small income? Of course it will be a serious problem.

In conclusion, whether cigarettes could benefit or no benefit may depend on the view of the person. They may say that smoking has positive impacts because it gives a lot of income for the country and provide employment because they see it from that point of view. But for those who believe that smoking can damage health because they contain dangerous materials and can add to the cost of living just to buy cigarettes because they see the negative side of the cigarette itself.

Review of the New Catacomb Short Story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

Review of the New Catacomb Short Story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

The New Catacomb is a short story written by one of the famous Author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The new catacomb short story tells about two friends named Dr. Julius Burger and well-known English Student named Kennedy. They are two rival archeologists who go together to Rome to looking for the invention. When Burger discovers the new catacomb in Rome, Kennedy asks him to tell it. Burger will tell it if Kennedy tells about his love affair with a woman named Miss Mary Saunderson. Kennedy tells it and Burger will take Kennedy to new catacomb. When they arrive at the new catacomb Burger let Kennedy in the catacomb with no light and Kennedy died. That is because he angry with Kennedy because he had affair with Miss Mary Saunderson. Miss Mary Saunderson is the couple of Burger and they have marriage. Two months after that, the report from European press said that Burger has discover the new catacomb but his friend Kennedy disappear suddenly in his room in the Corso.

 This story is started when there are two archeologists that came to Rome to find the new discovers. They are Burger and Kennedy. Kennedy is the rich young English and Burger is German-Italian man. They are friend but the also the rival in archeology. When Burger tells about the new discover that he had found, Kennedy curious and really want to know it.Kennedy promises will not write any report and will not tell anybody body about it. He  asks Burger but Burger said that he will tells it if Kennedy tells his love affair with the woman named Miss Mary Saunderson. First Kennedy doesn’t want to tell it. After Burger said that he wants to go back to home, finally Kennedy tells his story with Miss Mary Saunderson. Kennedy tells that she is from Twickenham England. She is a beautiful girl but Kennedy cannot love her. When Burger asks why he can’t lover her, Kennedy tells that the girls was engaged and he lets her for three weeks. After Kennedy tells his love affair, Burger tells that there is no use to describe where the new catacomb is, it will be better to take Kennedy there. Then they make an agreement to meet at the Gate of the Appian Way at midnight.

They meet at the Gate of the Appian Way at the midnight and they start to go to the new catacomb. By walking, they finally arrive at a solitary wooden cow-house. They step in the house. In the house there is a secret way and they go in there. The way is so complicated and they finally arrive in the new catacomb. Then Burger said that there are over two thousand wrong turnings between the catacomb and the stairs. It will be difficult to get out from this. The odds are two thousand to one even if he had a light. Kennedy very happy to see it and he said that that was the most interesting.

Burger turns off the lantern. It seems dark. He asks Burger to give a light. But Burger doesn’t want to do that. Burger tells Kennedy that there are two things that Kennedy really likes to. The first is adventure and the second is obstacle to surmount. Burger said the adventure is how Kennedy gets out of the catacomb and the obstacle is the darkness and two thousand wrong turns. Burger wants to let Kennedy in the catacomb alone. Before he let Kennedy, Burger said that Miss Saunderson was engaged with him.

Some two month after the accident. The European press writes that there is one of the most interesting discoveries that had found by Dr. Julius Burger. Some months ago, Mr. Kennedy disappeared from his room and he found in the heart of the new catacomb.

Comment:

I have to say that this short story is really suggested to be read. In the beginning I just think that Burger and Kennedy will find the new catacomb together. But the end of story me make shocked.  This is not only about the discovery of the new catacomb but also the revenge of Burger because Kennedy has a love affair with Miss Marry Saunderson. Really enjoy to be read.

Analysis:

Point of view in this story is third person point of view

The characters in this story are Dr. Julius Burger, Kennedy and Miss Mary Saunderson. The characteristic of Dr. Julius Burger is from curious blend. His father from German and his mother from Italy, He has blue eyes and it is so frank, Sun-browned face, clean-shaven jaw, his smile is so honest, actually he comes as a poor student to Rome after his hard work he become success and has a same level with his companion (paragraph 2) But I think he is not always a good man because he want to have revenge to Kennedy who has a love affair with his couple named Miss Mary. He also lies with Kennedy that says he meet with Miss Mary once or twice. Kennedy is a handsome man. He has white forehead, aggressive nose and sensual mouth. He came from English. He is the rich man (paragraph 1). Kennedy not really a good man because he has a love affair with his friend’s couple. The last character is Miss Mary Saunderson. She is from Twickenham, England (page 7).

The settings:

1.      Place: Kennedy’s lodging, the Gate of the Appian Way, the road to the new catacomb, the new catacomb.

2.      Time: evening until midnight

Climax of this story is when they were in new catacomb and Burger let Kennedy alone.

I don’t find the foreshadowing because this story is full of surprises

Review of Three Letters by Nels Schifano

Summary of Three Letters by Nels Schifano

It was autumn. Although still afternoon the journey had been spent peering at slowly moving red lights. She walked head down. The carrier bag spinning one way then the next as it clipped against her leg and he finally arrived at her home. At her gate she delayed, unwilling to break the stillness with squeaking hinges because the city was being put to sleep. She rattled the key into the lock and stepped inside. She kept her mind occupied by these happy details of returning home as she walked along the hall and into the kitchen. She lifted the carrier bag onto the worktop and reached for the kettle. Through the window she could see the outline of the narrow garden, the fuzzy grey shapes of a rusting climbing frame and overflowing compost heap and a green eyes and a flicking tails cat named Rahel appeared on the window ledge. She unlocked the door and the cat padded in.

She took off her coat and laid it over the back of the oak kitchen chair and sat down. She let her feet slip out of her shoes and raised them onto the fitted bench across the other side of the table. She unpacked the carrier bag. She put away the milk, the orange, the biscuits and the cat food. Despite a few moments when her heartbeat seemed to fill the house, it proved to contain nothing more exciting than a pile of old newspapers - more dirtiness to clean.

Inside a neatly folded bag, she found three envelopes. The paper inside the first envelope was thick and cream-colored, it had a blue letterhead and the date in the top right hand corner was July 2000. The first envelope contained about the writer that not really expected that the letter got to her. The writer also hoped that she was healthy and happy. The writer just wanted to write the letter to her and the writer wrote that her name would be there, carved in the memory of a tree. She re-folded the latter and tapped it several times against her top lip.

She took the next envelope. The letter was written on paper so white and thin that as her gaze fell across it she saw it as a shade of blue. The date was April 1976. The writer wrote about do the writer remember about the first time they met, the writer’s sadness because she wanted to looked for happiness and bought some back. That made the regret of the writer because what the writer have left is thoughts of her.

She took the last letter. The letter itself is written on a school child's lined paper, as her eyes run down the page they linger on the date, Nov. 1968 and the dappling of yellow blotches. In that letter, the writer told that he still can believe that she decided to go. He knew that she wanted to chase her dream, but the dream is so sweetly deferred here.

The freezer's cooling mechanism rattled then fell silent, and she realized that she hadn't been aware of the noise it was making. In its absence the air in the house seemed to hang with that same question; how would her life have been if she had managed to send just one of them?

In time she would fold the letter away and place it back to the envelopes and put it to where she found it. She would cover it with the layers of cloth. But now she just sat for a moment, the noise of the cat's contented breathing filling the house.

Comment:           

I have to say that this short story is really interesting to read. The words in this story are not too hard to understand. But there is word that i don’t understand what the meaning is, that word is “oak”. If I translate it to Indonesian language, the meaning is “ek” and I don’t know what the meaning is. I think this short story tell me about the sadness and the regret of the writer of the letters to the girl that choose to go far away to find her happiness the writer really loves her.

There are three characters of this short story.

Something that makes me bored to read is the author explaining much detail of the house in the beginning of story.

Hobnail Short Story by Crystal Arbogast

Summary of Hobnail Short Story by Crystal Arbogast

Hobnail is a short story written by Crystal Arbogast. Hobnail short story tells about a girl named Fannie Poteet and her mother named Ellen want to come back to their house after visited their uncle and aunt’s house.  On the way to their house, Fannie feel very scare because it was dark, she also hear some rustling sound, steps sound from hobnail boots. She also feels like someone follows them from behind. Her mother tries to calm her down. When they arrived at home, Ellen tells Lige that she saw a man without a head but she still calm because she doesn’t want to make Fanny scare and frighten her.

The story is started when Ellen and Fannie in John’s house after they came from the crunch and want to come back to their house. Sally asks Ellen to stay because it will be dark before Fannie and Ellen come to their home but Ellen refuse it. Ellen asks Fannie to get her shawl because the journey will be chilly. John gives Ellen a lantern with a new wick. After some farewell with John and Sally, Ellen takes her shawl and pick up the lantern. She is taking Fannie’s right hand and they proceed on three mile trek back home.

It was a moonless night, Fannie feel so scare because She hear some rustling sound but her mother said that everything will be alright. One time, Fannie tripped over the chunks and Ellen realized that her daughter was tired and they decided to rest for a while. Ellen expects that they have less than a mile to go. Fannie still feel scare and Ellen always tries to calm her down and tell her some advice. While contemplating her mother advice, Fannie was distracted by the sound. Fannie’s eyes peered into the ink like darkness. It was very faint. The slow methodic sound was someone walking and coming in their direction. Fannie tells her mom, Ellen said that it was her imagine. They decided to continue because Lige will be worried. After a while, Fannie hears that sound again. Ellen swings the lantern around and she said that there is nothing around. Fannie still hears the sound and it is louder that before. It was a sound of boots, heavy hobnail boots. Ellen swing lantern again and said that there was nothing. Fannie asks her mother to faster that before because she feels the sound is closer and she is scare. Finally they arrive at their home. Lige was waiting them. After let Fannie rest, Ellen tells Lige that she also heard the steps but she didn’t want to frighten the child and when she swung the lantern she saw what was following them. She saw a man without a head.

Comment

I think this short story is very interesting. The author described the setting well. It can make me imagine the situation that happens in this short story. The words that contained in this story are not really hard to understand. I enjoy reading this story. What I’ve got in this story is mother will do anything for her child. In this case, Ellen doesn’t want to tell Fannie that she saw a man without a head just because she doesn’t want to frighten her child.

Analysis

Point of view of this story is Third person point of view.

The characters in this story are Fannie Poteet, Ellen, John, Sally and Lige. First character is Fannie Poteet is the youngest and the only daughter of Lige and Sally. In this short story, she is described as a girl that feel scare of the condition when she and her mother want to come back to their house. It can be proved in the statement of Fannie that says "Mammy, it's so scary in the dark. Will God watch over us and protect us?” Second, Ellen is mother of Fannie and wife of Lige. She loves her family so much. She tries to calm Fannie down. Third character is John. He is uncle of Fannie or younger brother of Ellen. He is a kind person. He gives the lantern which has new wick and He fills it up for Fannie and Ellen journey. Fourth character is Sally, She is wife of John. She is a kind woman. She hopes she has a daughter like Fannie. The last character is Lige. He is husband of Ellen and father of Fannie. He also loves his family so much.

The settings of this story are John and Sally’s house, the road to Ellen’s house and Ellen’s house. The time was late evening.

Climax of this story is Fannie frequently hear steps sound. When Ellen swings the lantern he actually saw what was following them. She saw a man without a head. But she doesn’t tells to Fannie because she doesn’t want to make Fannie scare and frighten her

Foreshadowing of this story express in the beginning of story when Sally says it’s getting awfully late and it will be dark before you make it home.

Poem Analysis of A Red, Red Rose By Robert Burns

A Red, Red Rose

By Robert Burns

O, my Luve's like a red, red rose,       A

That's newly sprung in June.               B

O, my Luve's like a melodie               C

That's sweetly play'd in tune.              B

As fair as thou, my bonnie lass,          D

So deep in luve am I;                          E

And I will love thee still, my dear,     F

Till a' the seas gang dry.                      E

Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear,       E

And the rocks melt wi' the sun:          G

I will love thee till, my dear,               E

While the sands o' life shall run:         G

And fare thee weel, my only luve!     H

And fare thee weel, a while!               I

And I will come again, my luve,         H

Tho' it ware ten thousand mile!          I

Analysis

This poem tells about the writer that expresses his love to a woman and he says that he will continue to love ("or luve" as he says) until all the seas have gone dry. He says that he will miss his love and come back for her, even though he'll be ten thousand miles away. This poem was published in 1794

·         Form: Quatrain form

·         Line: Sixteen lines

·         Stanza: Four stanzas

·         Rhyme:

First rhyme is ABCB

Second rhyme is DEFE

Third rhyme is EGEG

Fourth rhyme is HIHI

·         Simile:

O, my Luve's like a red, red rose, (Line 1)

O, my Luve's like a melodie (Line 3)

·         Hyperbole:

Till a' the seas gang dry. (Line 8)

And the rocks melt wi' the sun: (Line 10)

Tho' it ware ten thousand mile! (Line 16)

·         Alliteration:

 O, my Luve's like a red, red rose (Line 1)

·         Personification:

While the sands o' life shall run (Line 12)

·         Refrain

I will love thee still, my dear, (Line 7 and Line 11)

·         Mood: Romantic

A Dream within A Dream by Edgar Allan Poe

A Dream within A Dream (published in the March 31, 1849)

By Edgar Allan Poe, 1809 – 1849

Take this kiss upon the brow!            

And, in parting from you now,          

Thus much let me avow                     

You are not wrong, who deem          

That my days have been a dream;      

Yet if hope has flown away

In a night, or in a day,

In a vision, or in none,

Is it therefore the less gone?

All that we see or seem

Is but a dream within a dream.

I stand amid the roar

Of a surf-tormented shore,

And I hold within my hand

Grains of the golden sand--

How few! yet how they creep

Through my fingers to the deep,

While I weep--while I weep!

God! can I not grasp

Them with a tighter clasp?

God! can I not save

One from the pitiless wave?

Is all that we see or seem

But a dream within a dream?

Analysis:

This poem is about the man who is parting with someone that he really loves and need. He doesn’t believe that was happen and he thinks that was a dream. This poem question the way one can differentiate between fantasy and reality.

·         Line: Twenty four lines

·         Stanza:  Two stanza

·         Rhyme:

The rhyme of the first stanza is AAABBCCDDEE

The second stanza is AABBCCCDDEEFF

·         Internal rhymes:

Is but a dream within a dream (line 11)

But a dream within a dream (line 24)

·         Type of poem:

 Lyrical poem, the characteristics of lyrical poem also exist in this poem.

·         Imagery:

And I hold within my hand Grains of the golden sand (line 14-15)

·         Refrain:          

We see or seem (line 10 and line 23)

A dream within a dream (line 11 and line 24)

·         Alliteration:

We see or seem (line 10 and line 23)

A dream within a dream (line 11 and line 24)

Grains of the golden sand (line 15)

·         Metaphor:

A surf-tormented shore (line 13)

One from the pitiless wave? (Line 22)

·         Tone: Sad

·         Personification:

How few! Yet how they creep (line 16)